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This semester we will be covering two major units of study. The first unit, An Age of Revolutions, will cover the years between 1750 and 1914. These years were years of enormous change. The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment brought a completely new way of looking at the world. Monarchies were overthrown, and representative forms of government emerged. In some areas, people tried to return to previous ways. In other areas, however, feelings of nationalism arose that led to the growth of nations. During this same time, enormous changes were occurring in Europe and Japan. The Industrial Revolution brought changes in social structure and created new ways of living and working. Industrialization also spurred nations to build empires in Africa and Asia, creating an economy that spanned the globe. In the second unit of study, Crisis and Achievements, science and technology brought many benefits to society in the late 1800s and early 1900s. In most industrialized countries, life expectancy increased and standards of living arose. People became hopeful, for they had experienced peace for many years. However, the forces of nationalism, militarism, and imperialism were moving the world toward war. By the time World War I was over, people understood how science and technology could change their lives in negative ways. The war caused new social and economic problems. In Russia, a communist revolution produced a totalitarian state. Perhaps worst of all, the problems that had led to World War I remained unresolved. A second global conflict erupted in 1939, resulting in even greater destruction than the first.

This semester we will be covering two major units of study. The first unit, An Age of Revolutions, will cover the years between 1750 and 1914. These years were years of enormous change. The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment brought a completely new way of looking at the world. Monarchies were overthrown, and representative forms of government emerged. In some areas, people tried to return to previous ways. In other areas, however, feelings of nationalism arose that led to the growth of nations. During this same time, enormous changes were occurring in Europe and Japan. The Industrial Revolution brought changes in social structure and created new ways of living and working. Industrialization also spurred nations to build empires in Africa and Asia, creating an economy that spanned the globe. In the second unit of study, Crisis and Achievements, science and technology brought many benefits to society in the late 1800s and early 1900s. In most industrialized countries, life expectancy increased and standards of living arose. People became hopeful, for they had experienced peace for many years. However, the forces of nationalism, militarism, and imperialism were moving the world toward war. By the time World War I was over, people understood how science and technology could change their lives in negative ways. The war caused new social and economic problems. In Russia, a communist revolution produced a totalitarian state. Perhaps worst of all, the problems that had led to World War I remained unresolved. A second global conflict erupted in 1939, resulting in even greater destruction than the first.

At the end of World War II, two superpowers emerged: the United States and the Soviet Union. Their rivalry unleashed a "Cold War" that affected nearly every country on earth. Against this background of superpower rivalry, Western Europe and Japan recovered from the destruction of World War II to become economically powerful; developing nations struggled to improve their economies; and ethnic rivalries turned many areas into global "hot spots." The collapse of Communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe from 1989 to 1991 led to equally monumental changes in the final decade of the twentieth century.

At the end of World War II, two superpowers emerged: the United States and the Soviet Union. Their rivalry unleashed a "Cold War" that affected nearly every country on earth. Against this background of superpower rivalry, Western Europe and Japan recovered from the destruction of World War II to become economically powerful; developing nations struggled to improve their economies; and ethnic rivalries turned many areas into global "hot spots." The collapse of Communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe from 1989 to 1991 led to equally monumental changes in the final decade of the twentieth century.

Fiorello H. LaGuardia HS of Music & Art and Performing Arts
Anella Gubitosa